| examination of one's own thoughts and feelings | | |
| the scientific study of behavior and mental processes | | |
| founded by Freud, emphasizes the importance of unconscious motives and conflicts as determinants of human behavior | | |
| emphasizes the influence of biology on behavior | | |
| founded by John Watson, defines psychology as scientific study of observable behavior | | |
| emphasizes the tendency to organize perceptions into meaningful wholes | | |
| founded by William James, emphasizes the purposes of behavior and mental processes | | |
| observable and measurable actions | | |
| emphasizes the importance of self-awareness and freedom of choice | | |
| emphasizes the role of thought processes in determining behavior | | |
| founded by Wilhelm Wundt, maintains that conscious experiences breaks down into objective sensations and subjective feelings | | |
| private, unobservable mental processes such as sensation, perception, thought | | |
| focuses on role of ethnicity, gender, culture, socioeconomic status in personality formation, behavior, mental processes | | |