| rules defining appropriate and inappropriate behavior | | |
| norms that lack moral significance | | |
| norms that have moral dimensions and that should be followed by members of the society | | |
| a rule of behavior, the violation of which calls for strong punishment | | |
| a norm that is formally defined and enforced by officials | | |
| rewards and punishments used to encourage people to follow norms | | |
| sanctions imposed by persons given special authority | | |
| rewards or punishments that can be applied by most members of a group | | |
| broad ideas about what is good or desirable shared by people in a society | | |
| ideas about the nature of reality | | |